Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering and Routing for Wearable IoT Enabled Wireless Body Area Networks

Recently, the wearable internet of things (WIoT) has brought a new dimension connectivity to wireless body area networks (WBANs). For instance, WIoT provides valuable functions, such as collecting, analyzing, and transmitting data for real-time health monitoring medical services. However, designing clustering routing protocol is challenging because attributes are subject high interference in dense deployment, social mobility, limited energy. In WIoT-enabled WBAN, cooperative control fundamental function routing. Cluster-based protocols preferred WBAN their scalability. one-hop neighbor-based approaches do not ensure reachability owing node mobility. The existing two-hop-based mostly centralized-based approaches, which unsuitable dynamic WBANs. this paper, we propose distributed energy-efficient (DECR) targeting WBAN. DECR, cluster formation phase, each obtains information its neighbor nodes within two-hop range. We utilize modified grey-wolf optimization algorithm head (CH) selection optimization. Node residual energy were jointly considered when determining CH cluster. also developed an analytical model determine optimal number clusters by considering intra- inter-cluster transmission distances reduce overall distance transmissions. Finally, proposed packet delivery from sink. Our simulation outcomes revealed that DECR significantly outperforms various performance metrics.